Friday, November 7, 2014

Jerusalem the Golden - Bible Study



Jerusalem the Golden
Major texts: Revelation 21:18–23; 2 Corinthians 4:17–18; Revelation 7:9–17; Isaiah 60:19–20
Text: Bernard of Cluny (12th Century)
(Lutheran Service Book 672)

Jerusalem the golden,
    With milk and honey blest—
The promise of salvation,
    The place of peace and rest—
We know not, oh, we know not
    What joys await us there:
The radiancy of glory,
    The bliss beyond compare!


Within those walls of Zion
    Sounds forth the joyful song,
As saints join with the angels
    And all the martyr throng.
The Prince is ever with them;
    The daylight is serene;
The city of the blessèd
    Shines bright with glorious sheen.

Around the throne of David,
    The saints, from care released,
Raise loud their songs of triumph
    To celebrate the feast.
They sing to Christ their leader,
    Who conquered in the fight,
Who won for them forever
    Their gleaming robes of white.

O sweet and blessèd country,
    The home of God’s elect!
O sweet and blessèd country
    That faithful hearts expect!
In mercy, Jesus, bring us
    To that eternal rest
With You and God the Father
    And Spirit, ever blest.

Our Sermon Hymn for this coming Sunday is Jerusalem the Golden which is drawn from a longer poem composed by Bernard of Cluny. I typically like to include a little background information about the author or the hymn, but to be honest, not much is known about Bernard. We know he entered the monastery at Cluny during the abbacy of Peter the Venerable (1122-56) and he wrote one of the greatest medieval poems: De Contemptu Mundi (On the Contemptibleness of the World). His hymns are actually drawn from this poem. According to the reviews I’ve read of this 3,000 line poem it seems Bernard heaped scorn upon life in this world due to all the abuses in his day, abuses in the Church, abuses in politics, etc. However, when he contemplated heaven, he was filled with a vision of wonder and awe. Twenty to thirty hymns have been drawn from his poem, two of which are in our hymnal, “The Clouds of Judgment Gather” (513) and “Jerusalem the Golden” (672). Apparently there is no English translation of the entire poem.

Our hymn is taken from that portion of the poem that focuses on heaven. Bernard draws from a wide range of biblical texts to paint his picture. The picture of heaven as the New Jerusalem was used especially by the Apostle John in the book of Revelation. Read what John saw in Revelation 21:18–23:

18The wall was built of jasper, while the city was pure gold, like clear glass. 19The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with every kind of jewel. The first was jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate, the fourth emerald, 20the fifth onyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, the twelfth amethyst. 21And the twelve gates were twelve pearls, each of the gates made of a single pearl, and the street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.
22    And I saw no temple in the city, for its temple is the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb. 23And the city has no need of sun or moon to shine on it, for the glory of God gives it light, and its lamp is the Lamb.

While the symbolic nature of this passage is obvious (how can it be “pure gold” (verse 18) and yet have gates made of pearl (verse 21) and a foundation made from various precious stones (verses 19-20)?), nonetheless the opening line of the hymn finds its origin in such pictures as this one in Revelation. The future home of believers is glorious beyond our ability to describe.

Here in time we gather in a building we call a church (or cathedral or temple or whatever) to worship the Lord. In heaven there is no such building (verse 22). The temple there “is the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb,” who is Jesus. “What joys await us there” (stanza 1)!

The new creation is quite different from the fallen creation in John’s vision. For example there is no need for the sun or the moon to give light. “The glory of God gives it light, and its lamp is the Lamb” (verse 23). In this glorious light the “daylight is serene” and each day “shines bright with glorious sheen” (stanza 2).

In the transfiguration of our Lord (Matthew 17, Mark 9, Luke 9) some of the Apostles got a glimpse of this glory. In deed the root meaning of the word “glory” is something like brightness. But brightness is only the beginning of understanding the “glory” of the Lord. In Exodus 33:18-23 Moses asks to see God’s glory. This request is denied him because no one can see the face of God and live. In heaven we see the glory of God unfiltered, and live, we see the face of God and live. Moses is allowed to see some of the glory of God. God tells Moses, “I will make all my goodness pass before you and will proclaim before you my name ‘The Lord.’ And I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.” In heaven, when we see God face to face, when we live in the light of his glory, we live in God’s grace and mercy.

In Isaiah 60:1-3, the prophet prophesied about the Messiah who would bring the light of salvation to those living in the darkness of their sin. Jesus fulfilled that prophecy. Isaiah made another prophecy in the same chapter:

19    The sun shall be no more
                  your light by day,
      nor for brightness shall the moon
                  give you light;
      but the Lord will be your everlasting light,
                  and your God will be your glory.
20    Your sun shall no more go down,
                  nor your moon withdraw itself;
      for the Lord will be your everlasting light,
                  and your days of mourning shall be ended. (Isaiah 60:19–20)

Surely anyone can see how John’s vision in Revelation echoes Isaiah’s vision. But Isaiah’s vision adds something in verse 20: “Your days of mourning shall be ended.” Of course John’s vision doesn’t lack this word of comfort (Revelation 7:17). Heaven will be a place of joy, not sorrow. So in our hymn we sing, “We know not, oh, we know not; What joys await us there” in stanza 1 and “Within those walls of Zion Sounds forth the joyful song” in stanza 2.

In his vision of the New Jerusalem, John sees a multitude of saints, dressed in white (symbol of being clothed in the righteousness of Christ (Isaiah 61:10; Philippians 3:9) or purity or baptism or some such idea which points us to Christ and his mercy) around the throne of God and the Lamb (Jesus).

9     After this I looked, and behold, a great multitude that no one could number, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands, 10and crying out with a loud voice, “Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!” 11And all the angels were standing around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, 12saying, “Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power and might be to our God forever and ever! Amen.”
13    Then one of the elders addressed me, saying, “Who are these, clothed in white robes, and from where have they come?” 14I said to him, “Sir, you know.” And he said to me, “These are the ones coming out of the great tribulation. They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.

15    “Therefore they are before the throne of God,
                  and serve him day and night in his temple;
                  and he who sits on the throne will shelter them with his presence.
16    They shall hunger no more, neither thirst anymore;
                  the sun shall not strike them,
                  nor any scorching heat.
17    For the Lamb in the midst of the throne will be their shepherd,
                  and he will guide them to springs of living water,
      and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.” (Revelation 7:9–17)

In verse ten we see that they clearly know who gets the praise for their salvation, “Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!” The praise is to God the Father, who sent His Son, to the Son who willingly came, and (though not mentioned here) God the Holy Spirit, who brought them to faith and kept them in it. Their robes had been washed in Christ’s blood; through faith in Him the Father forgave them and gave His righteousness (purity) to them (v. 14). So we sing in stanza three, “They sing to Christ their leader, Who conquered in the fight, Who won for them forever Their gleaming robes of white.”

Those in heaven came through tribulation (Revelation 7:14). This is the constant state of Christians in the fallen world. Paul wrote:

17For this light momentary affliction is preparing for us an eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison, 18as we look not to the things that are seen but to the things that are unseen. For the things that are seen are transient, but the things that are unseen are eternal. (2 Corinthians 4:17–18)

No matter what our tribulations might be, compared to eternity they are “transient.” We will be released from pain, and other unpleasant things here and experience unseen, eternal blessings.

O sweet and blessèd country,
    The home of God’s elect!
O sweet and blessèd country
    That faithful hearts expect!
In mercy, Jesus, bring us
    To that eternal rest
With You and God the Father
    And Spirit, ever blest.

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